英语虚拟语气实例讲解[2]

 

[本站整理 2007-03-27]

三、注意事项

 

1、时态的混用

 

有的时候，一句话中既有对过去的相反的假设，也有对现在相反的假设；像wish等后面，可根据具体情况使用不同的时态假设。

 

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天问他的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设。）

 

If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
If I were you(现在), I would have taken his advice. (过去)
He would have come (过去)to see you earlier but he just came back(真实) from his  business trip
If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon (过去), his family would not be in peace now (现在).
If he had told me his telephone number yesterday,(过去) I would be able to ring him up now.(现在)

 

I was ill that day. (真实) Otherwise I would have taken part in the procession.(虚拟)
Though everyone desert you (虚拟), we will not .(真实)
I was very busy yesterday(真实), or I would have come to your birthday party. (虚拟)

 

I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.（过去）
I wish that I were a doctor. (现在)
I wish that the rain would stop. (将来)

 

I wished  that I knew something about programming. (现在)
They wish that they hadn't said it to us. (过去)
I wish that you would get younger and younger . (将来)

 

If only you hadn't offended him. (过去)
If only I had some money on hand now. (现在)
If only he could come tomorrow. （将来）
If only I had the chance.

 

He talked about China as if he had been there. （过去）
She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own. (现在)
It looks as if it is going to rain.（真实）

 

2、虚拟条件句的倒装

 

在虚拟语气中，可以将从句的were, should, had 等移到句首，而将if省略。这就叫倒装。

 

Were they here now, they could help us. (等于：If they were here now, they could help us.)
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.  (等于：If you had come earlier, you...)　
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. (等于：If it should rain, the crops...)
Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk.

 

3、在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was 。

 

If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
If it were not for the rain, the crops would/should die.

 

并且，倒装形式的句首不能用weren't, shouldn't 的缩略形式。
例如：
Were I to do the work, I should do it some other day. (不能说 Weren't I to do...)

 

4、在suggest （suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise （advice）demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide 的虚拟语气中，从句中的should可以省略。

 

The general’s command was that the soldiers [should] leave their fort and carry out more important task.
It’s desired that she [should] come to teach us at least twice a week.
It was ordered that the medicines [should] be sent there by plane at once.
The order was that the medicines [should] be sent there by plane at once.
The chief ordered that the medicines [should] be sent there by plane at once.
The housemasterwas very strict。He asked that we [should] not watch television on week nights.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we [should] give up the plan.
My idea is that he [should]accept the job.
It is necessary( important/natural) that we [should] clean the room every day.
It is strange that he  [should] say so .
It is natural that a bird [should ] rest in trees .
He proposed that we [should ] set a dead line for the complement of the plan .
He took his umbrella with him  lest it [should] rain.
They burned all the important documents for fear that they [should] fall into the enemy's hands.

 

5、在would rather, as if/though, prefer等后的虚拟语气that从句中，动词用一般过去时。

 

I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you came next month for a dinner.
I'd rather she stayed at home in such a bad health condition.
He talks as if he knew everything in the world.
He looks as if (though) he were an artist.
Don’t you think it is time you gave up smoking?
I would prefer he didn't stay there too long.
I would rather you didn't go there.
If only I were a bird.

 

6、虚拟表示客气的说法

 

I would like you to answer this question. （我想请你来回答这个问题。）
Would you mind my smoking here?（我在这里抽烟你不介意吧？）
It might a good idea to wait and see.（观望或许是个好主意。）
Could you tell me where the post office is?（能告诉我邮局怎么走吗？）
You'd better bring an umbrella with you; it's thundering. （你最好带上雨伞；天在打雷。）
I'd rather stay at home in such bad weather.（这种恶劣天气我宁可呆在家里。）
I would prefer that she act the young lady.(我倒认为她演哪个年轻女子比较合适。)
It is time that we got ready for the final examination.