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[品析]杀鸡焉用牛刀
2006-10-01 00:15:16.0
[中文]
杀鸡焉用牛刀
此典出自《论语》。
孔子有一个学生言偃在武成做县令。有一次孔子到武成,听到弹琴和唱歌的声音。孔子以为在一个小城施行礼乐没有必要,就笑对言偃说:“杀鸡哪里要用杀牛的刀。”言偃分辨说,他进行礼乐教育正是遵照了老师的教导,而且这样做有利于治理武成。于是孔子承认言偃是对的,他说:“刚才的话只是一句玩笑。”
后世用“杀鸡焉用牛刀”这句话来比喻小题大作或大材小用。
[英译]
Why Use a Poleaxe to Kill a Chicken
This story is taken from Analects of Confucius.
Yan Yan, a student of Conficius, was the magistrate of Wucheng. Once when Confucius went there he heard the strains of zithers and the sound of singing. Deeming it extravagant to enact lavish ceremonies in such a small town, he said with a sardonic smile:"Why use a poleaxe to kill a chicken?" Yan Yan defended himself, saying that he was doing what his teacher encouraged him to do, and thereby would govern Wucheng better. Then Confucius recognized the reason in Yan Yan's words, and said that he had only been joking.
Later, the metaphor "killing a chicken with a poleaxe" began nto be used to describe making a fuss over a trifling matter, or wasting one's talent on a petty endeavor.
[注]英译选自《The Stories Behind 100 Chinese Idioms》
[学记]
1、孔子有一个学生言偃在武成做县令。
初学者很容易将这句话译成:Confucius had a student who ...这样译的结果是句子的重心偏到了孔子。译文中选用Yan Yan 做主语,突出了言偃的地位,为他后面施行礼乐做了文意上的连接。
翻译时,选择恰当的主语非常重要,这有利于叙事的展开和句子意思的连贯。例如:“言偃分辨说,他进行礼乐教育正是遵照了老师的教导,而且这样做有利于治理武成。”初学者可能将此句译成:Yan Yan said that he was doing what.., which was good for his governing。这样翻译就削弱了言偃分辨的说服力,因为他这样做目的就是要治理好武成。现译文中以言偃为主语:Yan Yan said...and would govern...,这样使两个句子在意义非常连贯和紧凑。
2、尽可能把握原文的意思。
中文里说“听到弹琴和唱歌的声音”,而翻译时把琴声和歌声分开来译,就显得比较准确:the strains of zithers and the sound of singing,因为这两种声音是不一样的。
“孔子以为在一个小城施行礼乐没有必要,就笑对言偃说”这句翻译也很有讲究。英译紧扣文章的中心思想即没必要铺张浪费,所以将“没有必要”译成了extravagant并在礼乐前加了lavish一词,以突出中心。
3、注意把握人物的身份。
孔子是老师,受到学生的尊敬,所以在翻译“孔子承认言偃是对的”时,没有用admit,而是“觉得言偃的话有道理”。
4、注意细节处理。
在附注里,说论语是孔子弟子关孔子“言行、思想”的记录,译成英文时调整的顺序:record of the thoughts, words and deeds of Confucius。即先有思想,再到言,再到行。
还有一句也是如此,中文是:孔子是春秋末期思想家、政治家、教育家、儒家的创始者。英译是:the father of Confucianism, statesman, educationist and thinker,顺序是:创始者-政治家-教育家-思想家。
5、有用的词语
论语:Analects of Confucius
施行:enact
分辨:defend himself
承认对的:recongzie the reason
小题大作:making a fuss over a trifling matter
大材小用:wasting one's talent on a petty endeavor.
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